The maximum voltage capabilities of electric motors are significantly different between brush DC motors and brushless DC (BLDC) motors. The different design and operating principles of each motor technology are the cause of this disparity. Physical brushes are used in brush DC motors to conduct electrical current, so their maximum voltage is naturally limited. BLDC motors, on the other hand, can handle higher voltages with greater efficiency thanks to their electronic commutation system. Let’s examine these variations in more detail.
Investigating Brush DC Motors
Typically, the winding configurations of brush DC motors are optimized to run close to the recommended maximum speed of about 10,000 RPM at the nominal voltage, especially in no load conditions. Consider the datasheet for the Portescap 16DCT brush DC motor, which offers a clear view of the recommended maximum supply voltage for such motors.
A reasonable motor lifespan is ensured by the imposed limit on maximum continuous speed. This is so because the mechanical commutation system wears and tear commensurate with the number of revolutions and the motor speed. In applications where longevity is a major factor, running the motor at voltages much higher than the nominal value is discouraged. Depending on the particular tool, there are exceptions for disposable applications that demand high speeds for brief periods of time or industrial power tools that require peak speeds for brief periods of time.
Exploring BLDC Motors, #
As their name implies, BLDC motors use electronic commutation to reduce mechanical wear compared to brush DC motors. Because of this, rather than the commutation system itself, the maximum speed of a BLDC motor is frequently constrained by components like the rotor assembly and bearings. As shown in the 16ECP36 datasheet, which shows a capacity of up to 63,000 RPM, BLDC motors can achieve significantly higher maximum speeds than brush DC motors.
To avoid excessive vibration at higher speeds, the rotor assembly must be balanced. Factors like bearing size and type, lubrication, seals, and mounting distance can also affect the maximum speed. When motors include electronic components, the embedded PCB may limit the maximum supply voltage.
It is noteworthy that, at nominal voltage, BLDC motors typically run at lower speeds than their maximum recommended values. The motor speed can be raised to the maximum advised level by increasing the supply voltage. To avoid motor overheating from increased iron losses, it is crucial to take into account the lowered maximum continuous torque at higher speeds.
Seeking Professional Direction, #
Our team of engineers is available to help you if you have questions about the safe operation of your motor or choosing the most appropriate motor for your application needs. We can assist you 12v bldc motor in defining the ideal parameters for your application, including speed, torque, temperature, and longevity. Get in touch with us to start a conversation and gain from our knowledge.
In conclusion, the comparison of the maximum voltage capacities of brush DC and BLDC motors emphasizes the influence of design and technological variations on motor performance and operational thresholds. To choose the best motor for a given application and guarantee maximum efficiency and longevity, it is essential to be aware of these differences.
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